近几年的高考完形填空,更侧重于考查学生的逻辑思维能力和对具体语境的把握,尤其是对语篇的理解能力。
■结合尾句,细读首句,把握全篇
高考完形首句不挖空,但它却是解题的突破口。以首句为依托,结合尾句,展开思维,就可对全文有一个大概的了解。
[例](NMET2001)首句:He has been caledt he“ missinglink”.Half-man,half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest......
Would they put it in a ___ or give it a room in a hotel.
A.zoo B.mountain C.museum D.laboratory
[解析]文章的开篇段描述了“missing link”的外貌和生活地,读懂第一句就可确定对象是半人半兽的动物,有助于预测全文的基本框架,为解题导航。本文最后一题的选项也是结合第一句话所知:因为missing link是半人半兽,所以面临着让他们呆在宾馆还是动物园的问题,故选A。
■结合上下文语境,把握整体文义
完形填空是一种障碍性阅读,解题时只有通读全文,掌握大意,根据上下文提供的语境进行推敲,才能跨越障碍。
[例]Spaghetti was an exotic(外来的) treat in those days. Never had I eaten spaghetti,and ___ of the grown-ups had enough experience to be ___ it.
A.none B.one C.some D.neither
A.careful about
B.good at
C.fond of
D.interested in
[解析]上文“Spaghetti was an exotic(外来的)treat in those days”告诉考生它是外来的做法。根据上下文语境,可推断出文义:大人们没有经验,故选择none和good at。
■运用逻辑分析判断解题
做题时要恰当运用句与句之间的逻辑关系,如转折关系、因果关系等;也就是说在上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示,对文章的情节进行逻辑分析,抓住关键语言信息的词语,理顺句与句之间的关系是至关重要的。
[例]They said that they had even caught Yetis on two occasions ___ none has ever been produced an evidence(证据)。
A.as B.though C.when D.until
[解析]运用逻辑思维可判断出:“曾经抓到”但“没有证据”,故选择连词though引导让步状语从句。
■借助词汇复现现象解题
复现有原词复现、同义词复现等。词汇复现的使用使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和保持连贯,从而构成一个完整的有机整体。只要把握准确,做起题来就可得心应手。
[例]The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. ____ spring and streams sometimes means control.
A.Using B.Holding C.Owning D.Finding
[解析]此句中的“control”是一个潜在的提示点:“拥有”意味着“控制”。
借助词汇复现,就可轻而易举地选择出正确答案C。
■凭借背景知识解题
完形填空题以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,其间无不渗透着各类相关的常识与知识。背景知识指的是平时的常识,生活经验,英语国家的风俗习惯、文化背景、历史事件、地理位置等。考生做题时,若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识,注意中西方文化方面存在的差异,将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺理成章地选出正确的答案。
[例]Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ___ animal tracks,which had been made ___ as the melted(融化) and refroze in the snow.
A.huge B.recent C.ordinary D.frightening
A.strange
B.large
C.deep
D.rough
[解析]大多数人相信,这不过是普通野兽的脚印。故选择C。第二题需根据常识判断:由于雪融化,使重新冻结的脚印变大了,故选择B。
(金春霞,石家庄市第二中学)